Översikt

Kort beskrivning av mätmetoden

Sedan länge pågår ett omfattande arbete för att förebygga smittspridning. Olika statliga
myndigheter, landsting, kommuner, smittskyddsläkare, skolan, frivilligorganisationer med fl era bidrar i det arbetet. Från och med år 2006 ansvarar Socialstyrelsen för samordningen.

För att insatserna ska bli effektiva krävs aktuell kännedom om människors kunskaper, attityder och sexuella vanor i förhållande till hiv och aids. Sedan slutet av 80-talet har därför enkätundersökningar i slumpmässiga urval av befolkningen regelbundet gjorts. Frågorna har varit likalydande vid varje tillfälle för att förändringar över tid ska kunna studeras.

MeSH (kontrollerad vokabulär inom livsvetenskaper)

Inlagda MeSH-termer

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.

Habits

Acquired or learned responses which are regularly manifested.

Virus Diseases

A general term for diseases produced by viruses.

Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications

Pathological processes of the female URINARY TRACT, the reproductive system (GENITALIA, FEMALE), and disorders related to PREGNANCY.

Pregnancy Complications

Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.

School Nursing

Health and nursing care given to primary and secondary school students by a registered nurse.

School Health Services

Preventive health services provided for students. It excludes college or university students.

Schools

Educational institutions.

Public Health Practice

The activities and endeavors of the public health services in a community on any level.

Student Health Services

Health services for college and university students usually provided by the educational institution.

Preventive Health Services

Services designed for HEALTH PROMOTION and prevention of disease.

Sexuality

The sexual functions, activities, attitudes, and orientations of an individual. Sexuality, male or female, becomes evident at PUBERTY under the influence of gonadal steroids (TESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL), and social effects.

Homosexuality

The sexual attraction or relationship between members of the same SEX.

Heterosexuality

The sexual attraction or relationship between members of the opposite SEX.

Bisexuality

The sexual attraction or relationship between members of both the same and the opposite SEX.

Sexual Partners

Married or single individuals who share sexual relations.

Sexual Harassment

A form of discrimination in the workplace which violates the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Sexual harassment takes two forms: quid pro quo, where the employee must submit to sexual advances in exchange for job benefits or be penalized for refusing; or a hostile environment, where the atmosphere of the workplace is offensive and affects the employee's well-being. Offensive sexual conduct may include unwelcome advances, comments, touching, questions about marital status and sex practices, etc. Both men and women may be aggressors or victims. (Slee and Slee, Health Care Terms, 2d ed, p.404). While civil rights legislation deals with sexual harassment in the workplace, the behavior is not restricted to this; it may take place outside the work environment: in schools and colleges, athletics, and other social milieus and activities.

Transsexualism

Severe gender dysphoria, coupled with a persistent desire for the physical characteristics and social roles that connote the opposite biological sex. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)

Friends

Persons whom one knows, likes, and trusts.

Workplace

Place or physical location of work or employment.

Parents

Persons functioning as natural, adoptive, or substitute parents. The heading includes the concept of parenthood as well as preparation for becoming a parent.

Blood-Borne Pathogens

Infectious organisms in the BLOOD, of which the predominant medical interest is their contamination of blood-soiled linens, towels, gowns, BANDAGES, other items from individuals in risk categories, NEEDLES and other sharp objects, MEDICAL WASTE and DENTAL WASTE, all of which health workers are exposed to. This concept is differentiated from the clinical conditions of BACTEREMIA; VIREMIA; and FUNGEMIA where the organism is present in the blood of a patient as the result of a natural infectious process.

Mucous Membrane

An EPITHELIUM with MUCUS-secreting cells, such as GOBLET CELLS. It forms the lining of many body cavities, such as the DIGESTIVE TRACT, the RESPIRATORY TRACT, and the reproductive tract. Mucosa, rich in blood and lymph vessels, comprises an inner epithelium, a middle layer (lamina propria) of loose CONNECTIVE TISSUE, and an outer layer (muscularis mucosae) of smooth muscle cells that separates the mucosa from submucosa.

Mouth Mucosa

Lining of the ORAL CAVITY, including mucosa on the GUMS; the PALATE; the LIP; the CHEEK; floor of the mouth; and other structures. The mucosa is generally a nonkeratinized stratified squamous EPITHELIUM covering muscle, bone, or glands but can show varying degree of keratinization at specific locations.

Chlamydia Infections

Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.

Hepatitis B

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

Hepatitis C

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.

Syphilis

A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.

Herpes Genitalis

Infection of the genitals (GENITALIA) with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in either the males or the females.

Herpes Simplex

A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)

Genitalia

The external and internal organs related to reproduction.

Spermatozoa

Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility.

Saliva

The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin.

Hygiene

The science dealing with the establishment and maintenance of health in the individual and the group. It includes the conditions and practices conducive to health. (Webster, 3d ed)

Communicable Disease Control

Programs of surveillance designed to prevent the transmission of disease by any means from person to person or from animal to man.

Condoms

A sheath that is worn over the penis during sexual behavior in order to prevent pregnancy or spread of sexually transmitted disease.

Condoms, Female

A soft, loose-fitting polyurethane sheath, closed at one end, with flexible rings at both ends. The device is inserted into the vagina by compressing the inner ring and pushing it in. Properly positioned, the ring at the closed end covers the cervix, and the sheath lines the walls of the vagina. The outer ring remains outside the vagina, covering the labia. (Med Lett Drugs Ther 1993 Dec 24;35(12):123)

Coitus

The sexual union of a male and a female, a term used for human only.

Coitus Interruptus

A contraceptive method whereby coitus is purposely interrupted in order to prevent EJACULATION of SEMEN into the VAGINA.

Preventive Medicine

A medical specialty primarily concerned with prevention of disease (PRIMARY PREVENTION) and the promotion and preservation of health in the individual.

Teaching

The educational process of instructing.

Behaviorism

A psychologic theory developed by James B. Watson concerned with studying and measuring behaviors that are observable.

Information Dissemination

The circulation or wide dispersal of information.

Information Science

The field of knowledge, theory, and technology dealing with the collection of facts and figures, and the processes and methods involved in their manipulation, storage, dissemination, publication, and retrieval. It includes the fields of COMMUNICATION; PUBLISHING; LIBRARY SCIENCE; and informatics.

Behavior

The observable response a person makes to any situation.

Dangerous Behavior

Actions which have a high risk of being harmful or injurious to oneself or others.

Sexology

This discipline concerns the study of SEXUALITY, and the application of sexual knowledge such as sexual attitudes, psychology, and SEXUAL BEHAVIOR. Scope of application generally includes educational (SEX EDUCATION), clinical (SEX COUNSELING), and other settings.

Safe Sex

Sexual behavior that prevents or reduces the spread of SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES or PREGNANCY.

Unsafe Sex

Sexual behaviors which are high-risk for contracting SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES or for producing PREGNANCY.

Maternal-Child Nursing

The nursing specialty that deals with the care of women throughout their pregnancy and childbirth and the care of their newborn children.

Research

Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)

Behavioral Research

Research that involves the application of the behavioral and social sciences to the study of the actions or reactions of persons or animals in response to external or internal stimuli. (from American Heritage Dictionary, 4th ed)

Questionnaires

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Mer detaljerad information

Målgrupp / användningsområde

6 000 slumpvis utvalda personer bidrar med svar i denna enkät till aktuell kunskap om frågor som gäller hiv och aids. Svaren har mycket stor betydelse för arbetet i Sverige med att förebygga hiv/aids och andra sexuellt överförda infektioner.

Mätmetodens utformning, utförande och utvärdering

År 2007 gjordes den nionde av dessa undersökningar sedan början av 80-talet. Frågorna har varit likalydande vid varje tillfälle för att förändringar över tid ska kunna studeras.

Utrustning och tidsåtgång

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Bilagor

HIVAIDSenkät.pdf

HIV-AIDS-enkät
Filstorlek: 86 kB

PatieninformationHIVAIDSenkät.pdf

Patientinformation
Filstorlek: 57 kB