Tjugo år med flerdosbehandling från debuten av diabetes
Document number : 10371
Created by: Ragnar Hanås, 2008-08-04
Last revised by: Ragnar Hanås, 2010-12-03
Document created in: FoU i Sverige
Completed
Document number : 10371
Created by: Ragnar Hanås, 2008-08-04
Last revised by: Ragnar Hanås, 2010-12-03
Document created in: FoU i Sverige
1. Översiktlig projektbeskrivning
Engelsk titel
Twenty years of Multiple Daily Injections from the Onset of Diabetes in Children and AdolescentsSammanfattning av projektet
Results from the DCCT study suggest that persons using intensive insulin therapy have a better longterm outcome even when compared to persons with the same HbA1c using conventional therapy (Diabetes 1995;44:968-83). We began using multiple daily injections (MDI) in children in 1985. From 1987 and onwards we have routinely used it from the onset of diabetes in all age groups, even the youngest children. The aim of this retrospective population based study was to investigate the risk of short- and longterm complications in patients with ≥ 8 years diabetes duration. 106 consecutive patients with type 1 diabetes have been followed (101 began with MDI at diagnosis and 5 within 1 year of diagnosis). They are today 24.4±6.6 years (± SD, range 10.5-36.3) with a diabetes duration of 14.9±4.4 years (range 8.1-23.3). Thirty-three (31%) use pumps and 2 (2%) use indwelling catheters (Insuflon). 32/105 (30%) had retinopathy (28 non-proliferative and 4 proliferative, all with preserved vision). Five were treated with laser. The youngest person with retinopathy was 20.9 years and the shortest diabetes duration was 8.1 years (diagnosed at 18.0 years). Six out of 101 (6%) had nephropathy (5 microalbuminuria, 1 macroalbuminuria and in dialysis). The youngest person with microalbuminuria was 26.1 years and the shortest diabetes duration was 15.3 years. 10/101 (10%) had systolic blood pressure (BP) > 130 mmHg, and 10/101 (10%) had systolic BP > 80 mm Hg. Three were treated with drugs for microalbuminuria and 4 for hypertension without microalbuminuria. Sixteen patients experienced severe hypoglycemia in 2006, and 27 in 2007. There was no difference in HbA1c between patients with and without severe hypoglycemia in 2006 (8.8 vs. 8.3%) or 2007 (8,1 vs. 8.2%). Mean of last HbA1c was 8.1±1.6% (DCCT-equivalent numbers) and mean HbA1c over the entire diabetes duration was 8.3±0.9%. Patients with retinopathy had higher mean yearly HbA1c (8.7±0.9 vs. 8.1±0.8%, p<0.001) and higher HbA1c load (added mean yearly HbA1c), 148±39 vs. 111±33 HbA1c-years (p<0.001). Patients with proliferative retinopathy had mean HbA1c of 10.0% and 196±29 HbA1c-years (p=0.003 and 0.006 vs. non-proliferative retinopathy). Patients with nephropathy also had higher HbA1c load (154±23 vs. 118±37 HbA1c-years, p=0.034) and slightly higher HbA1c (8.9±1.0 vs. 8.2±0.8%, p=0.059). A longer follow-up is needed but so far this non-selected patient group using MDI from the onset of diabetes has a low risk of long-term complications with an acceptable rate of severe hypoglycemia.Typ av projekt
ForskningsprojektMeSH-termer för att beskriva ämnesområdet
Inlagda MeSH-termer- Diabetes Mellitus
- A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.
- Metabolic Diseases
- Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)
- Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases
- A collective term for nutritional disorders resulting from poor absorption or nutritional imbalance, and metabolic disorders resulting from defects in biosynthesis (ANABOLISM) or breakdown (CATABOLISM) of endogenous substances.
Projektets delaktighet i utbildning
3. Processen och projektets redovisning
Pågående aktiviteter
Projektstart (när planeringen påbörjas och börjar dokumenteras skriftligt)
2007-11-01Datum för påbörjande av datainsamling
2007-12-01Datum då projektet är slutrapporterat
2009-12-314. Detaljerad projektbeskrivning
Bakgrundsbeskrivning
Aktiv insulinbehandling med nära normalt blodsocker verkar förebygga eller åtminstone uppskjuta tidiga stadier av diabetiska komplikationer. Långtidsstudier är gjorda på vuxna och ungdomar från 13 års ålder (1). Nära fysiologiska insulinnivåer kan idag uppnås antingen med behandling med insulinpump eller med multipla insulininjektioner. I den amerikanska DCCT-studien har man funnit att intensivbehandling med insulin till varje måltid ger färre komplikationer jämfört med 1-2 insulindoser/dag även när man jämförde patienter med samma HbA1c-nivå (2). Data från Linköping tyder på att risken för allvarliga komplikationer minskar med modern diabetesbehandling (3). På barn- och ungdomskliniken har sedan 1987 alla nya diabetespatienter startats på 4-5 doser/dag som en del av vår kliniska rutin.Syfte
2002 färdigställdes en första uppföljning (ansökan VGFOUFBD-1223). Syftet är nu att följa upp HbA1c och frekvens av komplikationer på kort (svåra hypolykemier) och lång sikt (ögon, njurar)Frågeställning / Hypoteser
Hur ser mönstret av diabeteskomplikationer ut med en intensiv insulinbehandling från debuten av diabetes? Hur påverkas komplikationerna av HbA1c?Metod: Databearbetning
Skillnader i HbA1c hos de som fått och inte fått en viss komplikation jämförs med 2-sidigt T-test. För att bedöma den totala belastningen av hyperglykemin genom åren adderas medel-HbA1c för varje år sedan debuten av diabetes (HbA1c load = added mean yearly HbA1c).Resultat
Se ovanDiskussion
Se ovanSlutsats
Se ovanReferenser
1) The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993 Sep 30;329(14):977-86.2) The DCCT Research Group. The relationship of glycemic exposure (HbA1c) to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the diabetes control and complications trial. Diabetes 1995;44:968-83.
3) Nordwall M, Bojestig M, Arnqvist HJ, Ludvigsson J. Declining incidence of severe retinopathy and persisting decrease of nephropathy in an unselected population of Type 1 diabetes-the Linkoping Diabetes Complications Study. Diabetologia 2004;47:1266-72.

